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International Tourism and Bilateral Trade in Fiji: An Empirical Examination of Their Interdependence

Keshmeer Makun

The Journal of Pacific Studies2025https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2025.45(2)article
ABDC C
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

This paper examines the relationship between international trade and tourism inflows using time series econometric techniques. Using Data for Fiji and two major trade and tourism partners, Australia and New Zealand, the paper examines this relationship both at aggregate and bilateral levels. The bounds cointegration test reveals a significant long-run relationship between Fiji’s trade series and tourism inflows. Granger causality with an error model shows evidence of significant short-run and long-run causality between trade series and tourism inflows. The bilateral analysis shows unidirectional causality from trade to tourism with Australia, while short-run bidirectional (trade and tourism) and long-run unidirectional (trade to tourism) causality in the case of New Zealand. The empirical findings highlight some significant causality patterns that are valuable for policy design to foster international tourism inflows.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2025.45(2)

Or copy a formatted citation

@article{keshmeer2025,
  title        = {{International Tourism and Bilateral Trade in Fiji: An Empirical Examination of Their Interdependence}},
  author       = {Keshmeer Makun},
  journal      = {The Journal of Pacific Studies},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33318/jpacs.2025.45(2)},
}

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International Tourism and Bilateral Trade in Fiji: An Empirical Examination of Their Interdependence

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.