How individuals value their own and others’ outcomes is conceptualized as their Social Value Orientation (SVO). Research demonstrates that SVO is a valid predictor of cooperative behavior across various empirical settings. However, once individuals interact repeatedly, the relative strength and stability of the SVO–behavior link are less clear cut. We postulate that learning mechanisms have a bearing on cooperative behavior and potentially override the influence of SVO. In an experiment with a Step-Level Public Goods design with impact asymmetry ( N = 120), participants were randomly assigned to groups of five and interacted for six rounds. SVO was measured with the 9-item Triple-Dominance Measure. Using a multi-level Bayesian approach, we corroborate that SVO is predictive of behavior at the onset of interaction. Yet, after the first interaction, the relationship between SVO and behavior virtually disappears.