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The Impact of Racino Legalization on Public Education Spending

Andrew Ju & Caylyn Mira

Public Finance and Management2025https://doi.org/10.1177/15239721251384247article
ABDC B
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

This paper estimates the effect of racino legalization with earmarked revenues for K-12 education on school district finances. Using district-level data from 1999 to 2019 and a staggered difference-in-differences design, we find that legalization increases total per-pupil revenue by about 6.5%, driven by gains in state aid and local revenue, with no change in federal funding. Expenditure increases are concentrated in capital outlays, which rise nearly 19%, while current spending grows modestly. Event-study estimates show no pre-treatment trends and persistent post-treatment gains. The results are robust to alternative control groups, additional controls, and exclusion of large districts, suggesting that racino earmarks provide a sustained boost to district resources, particularly for long-term investments. JEL-Codes: H71, H75, I22, L83

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/15239721251384247

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@article{andrew2025,
  title        = {{The Impact of Racino Legalization on Public Education Spending}},
  author       = {Andrew Ju & Caylyn Mira},
  journal      = {Public Finance and Management},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/15239721251384247},
}

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

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