Normative Ambiguity, Social Norms, and the Expressive Power of Law

Adi Leibovitch & Doron Teichman

Journal of Empirical Legal Studies2025https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.70005article
ABDC A*
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

Legal scholars have long debated whether law, through its expressive power, can influence prevailing social norms. Empirical studies inspired by this debate have focused on establishing the existence of an expressive power. However, this dichotomous perspective overlooks the nuances of the theoretical discourse regarding the conditions under which law, independent of any enforcement, can wield greater or lesser impact on social norms. This article employs a regression discontinuity design to examine the expressive power of the law in shaping social norms and measure its sensitivity to contextual factors. Using a preregistered incentivized experimental survey (N = 2913), we demonstrate that: (1) law, qua law, can indeed influence perceived social norms; and (2) this influence of the law is moderated by the normative clarity of the scenario. The law has the greatest impact on perceived norms in ambiguous situations; when additional normatively relevant information is provided, the expressive power of the law diminishes.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.70005

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@article{adi2025,
  title        = {{Normative Ambiguity, Social Norms, and the Expressive Power of Law}},
  author       = {Adi Leibovitch & Doron Teichman},
  journal      = {Journal of Empirical Legal Studies},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.70005},
}

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.