This study examines the evolution of labour productivity in the hospitality sector, with particular attention to the role of education and employment temporariness as determining factors. The analysis focuses on the Mediterranean countries of the European Union with the highest degree of tourism specialisation and compares key indicators of the hospitality sector with those of the overall economy. Through a descriptive analysis and multidimensional scaling techniques, it is confirmed that a higher educational level among the employed population boosts labour productivity, whereas a high rate of temporary employment negatively impacts it. The findings highlight the need to implement strategies that promote continuous training and employment stability in order to enhance the sector’s competitiveness.