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Cross cultural adaptation challenges: A study on Chinese expatriates in Muslim countries along Belt and road

Naila Bano & Yahong Liu

International Journal of Cross Cultural Management2025https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958251325689article
AJG 1ABDC B
Weight
0.46

Abstract

Globalization has made expatriates essential for managing offshore operations of multinational companies in the emerging economies. As skilled labor competition increases, expats become crucial navigating cultural, social, economic, and environmental difficulties. China’s expending economy and growing foreign direct investment have increased expatriate deployment, especially in Belt and Road nations. However, research on their cross-cultural adjustment (CCA) in BRI, particularly Muslim countries, is scarce. This study aims to investigate CCA of Chinese expatriate adaptations in Muslim-majority BRI countries to fill this gap. A study of 250 Chinese expats in these regions found age, cross-cultural training, gender, marital status, self-efficacy, and family adjustment as major influencers. The findings emphasize the role of individual, non-work, and contextual factors on expatriate success. Practical strategies like targeted cross-cultural training and family support initiative, are proposed. These insights add to the body of knowledge on expatriates and provide actionable recommendations for multinational firms operating in culturally diverse settings.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958251325689

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@article{naila2025,
  title        = {{Cross cultural adaptation challenges: A study on Chinese expatriates in Muslim countries along Belt and road}},
  author       = {Naila Bano & Yahong Liu},
  journal      = {International Journal of Cross Cultural Management},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/14705958251325689},
}

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Evidence weight

0.46

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.37 × 0.4 = 0.15
M · momentum0.60 × 0.15 = 0.09
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.