arbiter
JournalsPricingAccount

What promotes start-ups? A framework of university and voluntary entrepreneurial education in the higher educational sector

Sumera Samar et al.

Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Community2026https://doi.org/10.1108/jec-07-2025-0232article
AJG 1ABDC C
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of compulsory entrepreneurial education on startup creation via entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Pakistan. Moreover, this study has taken the moderating impact of voluntary entrepreneurial education on the direct and indirect relationship between compulsory entrepreneurial education and startup creation. Design/methodology/approach A three-wave time-lagged survey was done by drawing a multi-stage cluster-based sample of 374 students in public sector universities of Pakistan. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used with AMOS 26.0 to test our measurement model and assess overall model fit. The mediation and moderated mediation were tested through Model 7 of PROCESS Macro for hypothesis testing. Findings The findings revealed that compulsory entrepreneurial education has a positive impact on startup creation through the development of entrepreneurial intention; however, students who opt to study entrepreneurship through voluntary entrepreneurial education sources have a higher tendency to become entrepreneurs than their counterparts. Originality/value The varying impact of heterogeneity in entrepreneurial education is not extensively researched, leaving a question mark on the required outcomes. This research has highlighted the role of compulsory and voluntary entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions and startup creation based on experiential learning theory and the theory of planned behaviour.

Open paper page →

Cite this paper

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/jec-07-2025-0232

Or copy a formatted citation

@article{sumera2026,
  title        = {{What promotes start-ups? A framework of university and voluntary entrepreneurial education in the higher educational sector}},
  author       = {Sumera Samar et al.},
  journal      = {Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Community},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/jec-07-2025-0232},
}

Paste directly into BibTeX, Zotero, or your reference manager.

Flag this paper

What promotes start-ups? A framework of university and voluntary entrepreneurial education in the higher educational sector

Flags are reviewed by the Arbiter methodology team within 5 business days.

Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.