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Strengthening youth TVET for sustainable livelihoods: evidence from Pakistan’s evolving economic landscape

Kazim Syed et al.

Education and Training2026https://doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2025-0423article
AJG 1
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

Purpose This study aims to examine how training quality (TQ) in Pakistan’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system translates into sustainable livelihood (SL) outcomes. It tests an integrated model based on the sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF), incorporating mediation, moderation and direct effects. Design/methodology/approach A structured survey of 396 TVET graduates was analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Purposive sampling ensured contextual heterogeneity across gender, location and institution type. Findings TQ influences SLs indirectly through skill acquisition and, more strongly, through market linkages. Support networks have a significant direct effect, while socio-cultural barriers meaningfully weaken the primary pathways from training to livelihoods. Originality/value The study provides an empirically tested, integrated SLF model that highlights relational and contextual drivers in fragmented systems. It offers policymakers a diagnostic framework for moving beyond input-focused TVET reforms toward integrated support, market alignment and culturally responsive design in Pakistan and similar Global South contexts.

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Cite this paper

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2025-0423

Or copy a formatted citation

@article{kazim2026,
  title        = {{Strengthening youth TVET for sustainable livelihoods: evidence from Pakistan’s evolving economic landscape}},
  author       = {Kazim Syed et al.},
  journal      = {Education and Training},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2025-0423},
}

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Strengthening youth TVET for sustainable livelihoods: evidence from Pakistan’s evolving economic landscape

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.