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Beyond the individual: A multilevel model of employees perceived organizational support

Marius Duhović Hafstad et al.

Journal of Management & Organization2026https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2026.10081article
AJG 2ABDC A
Weight
0.50

Abstract

The focus of existing research on perceived organizational support (POS) has largely been concentrated at the individual-level, leaving an understudied gap at a higher unit-level of analysis. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the multilevel relationship between employee POS and job satisfaction, emphasizing the moderating role of unit-level POS. We hypothesize, based on POS theory and social comparison theory, that unit-level POS serves as a contextual moderator for the relationship between individual-level POS and job satisfaction. Additionally, at the unit-level, we identify clan culture values and unit-satisfaction as correlates of unit-POS. We test our hypotheses using a Bayesian Multilevel Structural Modeling approach on 45 work units and 317 employees. The results show that at low levels of unit-level POS, individual-level POS is more important for employees’ job satisfaction. We furthermore found support for a positive association between unit-level POS, unit-clan culture, and unit satisfaction. Our results, and their notable theoretical and practical implications, are discussed.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2026.10081

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@article{marius2026,
  title        = {{Beyond the individual: A multilevel model of employees perceived organizational support}},
  author       = {Marius Duhović Hafstad et al.},
  journal      = {Journal of Management & Organization},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2026.10081},
}

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

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