This paper introduces the Entrepreneurship in the Population (EPOP) survey, a nationally representative data source for understanding entrepreneurial activities across the United States since 2022. The EPOP survey is distinguished by its focus on a broad set of entrepreneurial activities and collects a wealth of information on the behaviors, challenges, and resources available to entrepreneurs. This data brief provides information on the design and measurement approach of the survey, discusses how to work with EPOP data, and outlines future plans for the survey, including a longitudinal data collection to support research on trajectories of current and prospective entrepreneurs.