arbiter
JournalsPricingAccount

Long-run and short-run determinants of CO₂ emissions in African countries: Roles of globalization, renewable energy, and growth

Walid Hadhri & Mouna Mouelhi

Environmental Economics2026https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.17(1).2026.05article
AJG 1
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

Type of the article: Research ArticleAbstractThis study investigates the long-run and short-run determinants of CO₂ emissions in African countries, with a particular focus on the roles of globalization, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth for 24 African countries over 1990–2021. Using a panel ARDL framework with PMG, MG, and DFE estimators, we estimate both short-run and long-run relationships and conduct co-integration, cross-section dependence, and robustness checks. The PMG long-run estimates confirm an Environmental Kuznets Curve: GDP has a positive long-run elasticity of 0.237 with CO₂ (p < 0.01), while its square indicates a turning point; renewable energy reduces emissions (long-run elasticity −0.158, p < 0.01); globalization (KOF index) is associated with higher emissions (elasticity 0.350, p < 0.01). Non-renewable energy results are sensitive to estimator choice. Error-correction terms are negative and significant, indicating adjustment to the long-run equilibrium. Results are robust to alternative specifications and subsamples. Policy implications include accelerating renewable deployment and adopting trade and investment policies that favor cleaner technologies to align growth with climate objectives.

Open paper page →

Cite this paper

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.17(1).2026.05

Or copy a formatted citation

@article{walid2026,
  title        = {{Long-run and short-run determinants of CO₂ emissions in African countries: Roles of globalization, renewable energy, and growth}},
  author       = {Walid Hadhri & Mouna Mouelhi},
  journal      = {Environmental Economics},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.17(1).2026.05},
}

Paste directly into BibTeX, Zotero, or your reference manager.

Flag this paper

Long-run and short-run determinants of CO₂ emissions in African countries: Roles of globalization, renewable energy, and growth

Flags are reviewed by the Arbiter methodology team within 5 business days.

Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.