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A PLS-SEM based framework for enabling digital twin systems for real-time monitoring and control in construction projects

Hemanth Kumar N. & Srinivas Padala

Construction Innovation2026https://doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2025-0266article
ABDC B
Weight
0.50

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to identify key factors influencing digital twin implementation in construction and to validate their interrelationships using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Design/methodology/approach A structured, multi-phase research approach was adopted. Key constructs were identified through literature review and expert input, followed by the design of a questionnaire administered to 436 construction professionals. Exploratory factor analysis was used to refine constructs, and PLS-SEM was applied to test relationships. Second-order constructs were modelled to evaluate the integration of computer vision (CV), Internet of Things (IoT), digital technology integration and data-driven project performance within a unified framework. Findings The results demonstrate that CV–IoT integration, digital technology adoption and data-driven performance significantly contribute to real-time construction monitoring. Key relationships – such as CV–IoT to edge processing (ß = 0.754), digital integration to labour, material, equipment and activity (LMPA) monitoring (ß = 0.832) and data-driven performance to real-time monitoring (ß = 0.748) – confirm the model’s strength. These findings underscore the value of integrated digital systems in enhancing site visibility, progress tracking and predictive decision-making. Practical implications The model identifies critical digital and operational factors essential for structured digital twin prototype development, enabling real-time monitoring of LMPA to support automated tracking and improve cost, time and resource efficiency in construction projects. Originality/value This study develops a PLS-SEM-based digital twin framework that systematically integrates CV–IoT, edge processing, building information modelling and data-driven performance. The model provides a structured understanding of how these technologies collectively enhance productivity monitoring, progress assessment and project control in construction.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2025-0266

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@article{hemanth2026,
  title        = {{A PLS-SEM based framework for enabling digital twin systems for real-time monitoring and control in construction projects}},
  author       = {Hemanth Kumar N. & Srinivas Padala},
  journal      = {Construction Innovation},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2025-0266},
}

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

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