This research investigates the influence of corporate governance (CG) practices on the sustainability performance (SP) of Indian non-financial firms. The study, utilizing a balanced panel of 1550 firm-year observations, demonstrates that overall corporate governance score and CEO duality improve sustainability performance. However, the moderation effect indicates that the positive effect of CG practices on SP is compromised when the same person holds both CEO and chairperson positions in a firm. Additionally, the relationship between CG and SP varies based on ownership structure, i.e., group-affiliated and non-group affiliated firms, as well as different industrial sectors, i.e., manufacturing, service, and diversified sectors.