How do multinational enterprises respond to geopolitics? A review and research agenda

Stephanie Tonn Goulart Moura et al.

International Journal of Management Reviews2025https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12399review
AJG 3ABDC A*
Weight
0.53

Abstract

International business research emphasizes the importance of geopolitics to multinational enterprise (MNE) strategic decision‐making. Yet, insights and evidence are dispersed across levels of analysis and disciplinary perspectives, making it difficult to determine how exactly MNEs respond to geopolitics. Leveraging a sample of 93 papers from journals in strategy, international business and management, we clarify the impact of geopolitics on home and host country relations and the interplay with MNE strategic decision‐making. In advancing existing knowledge boundaries, we make sense of MNE responses to geopolitically induced uncertainty by accounting for MNEs’ heterogeneous political capabilities and investment real options. We show that when MNEs have strong political capabilities, they often opt for a shaping engagement response to influence home–host country relations. However, weak political capabilities limit investments with flexible real options and restrict investments with committed real options, leading to adaptive engagement, non‐engagement and exit responses. Finally, we outline an agenda for future studies on the topic.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12399

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@article{stephanie2025,
  title        = {{How do multinational enterprises respond to geopolitics? A review and research agenda}},
  author       = {Stephanie Tonn Goulart Moura et al.},
  journal      = {International Journal of Management Reviews},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12399},
}

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How do multinational enterprises respond to geopolitics? A review and research agenda

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Evidence weight

0.53

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.70 × 0.15 = 0.10
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.