Purpose This paper seeks to identify whether there was a decrease in the wages of young Brazilian adults of recent birth cohorts in relation to older birth cohorts. Design/methodology/approach We applied quantile regression and quantile decomposition models to the historical series of PNADs. Findings There was a decrease in the relative wages for males at the top of the wage distribution. But there was an increase in wages for those in the bottom and middle of the wage distribution. Originality/value The result for Brazil differs from the results of the most developed countries. This difference could be attributed to structural changes in the country, such as the education expansion and the increase of female labor participation.