Too Warm to Win Big? Unpacking the Backer Dynamics Behind Female Crowdfunding Success Using a Warmth and Competence Perspective

Dan Liu

Journal of International Technology and Information Management2026https://doi.org/10.58729/1941-6679.1635article
ABDC C
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

While crowdfunding is often heralded as a democratized funding avenue that empowers women with higher success rates, this study reveals a more nuanced picture of gender dynamics. The Stereotype Content Model suggests that women are often perceived as warmer but less competent. Using a large dataset from Kickstarter, we find that female-led projects can attract more backers, likely due to warmth-driven appeal, but receive smaller average contributions, potentially due to concerns about risk linked to lower perceived competence. However, the total funding raised by female-led campaigns is comparable to that of male-led ones, showing no clear advantage or disadvantage. This trade-off challenges the widely cited “female advantage” in crowdfunding. Further analyses offer actionable insights: female entrepreneurs should target new backers to increase engagement and emphasize prior fundraising experience to boost pledge size. This study offers theoretical and practical insights into improving women’s crowdfunding outcomes by accounting for stereotype-based perceptions.

Open paper page →

Cite this paper

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58729/1941-6679.1635

Or copy a formatted citation

@article{dan2026,
  title        = {{Too Warm to Win Big? Unpacking the Backer Dynamics Behind Female Crowdfunding Success Using a Warmth and Competence Perspective}},
  author       = {Dan Liu},
  journal      = {Journal of International Technology and Information Management},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58729/1941-6679.1635},
}

Paste directly into BibTeX, Zotero, or your reference manager.

Flag this paper

Too Warm to Win Big? Unpacking the Backer Dynamics Behind Female Crowdfunding Success Using a Warmth and Competence Perspective

Flags are reviewed by the Arbiter methodology team within 5 business days.


Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.