Stance in REF Submissions: Authorial Positioning in Impact Narratives

Ken Hyland & Feng (Kevin) Jiang

Written Communication2026https://doi.org/10.1177/07410883251410160article
ABDC B
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

The Research Excellence Framework (REF) is the U.K. government’s means of allocating funding to universities based on assessments of the research they produce. Conducted every five years, this exercise now includes not only the ‘quality’ of research but also its real-world ‘impact’. This helps determine the £7.16 billion distributed annually to universities and influences the reputations of institutions and academics. Writers are therefore keen to make the most persuasive argument for their work they can in these submissions through the narrative case studies that the submission requires. In this article, we examine all 6,361 case studies from the last exercise in 2021 to explore the rhetorical presentation of impact through an analysis of authorial stance. We found considerable use of self-mention, hedges, and boosters, with the hard science fields containing statistically significantly more markers and applied disciplines being particularly strong users. The study contributes to our understanding of stance in academic writing and the role of rhetorical persuasion in high-stakes assessment genres.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/07410883251410160

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@article{ken2026,
  title        = {{Stance in REF Submissions: Authorial Positioning in Impact Narratives}},
  author       = {Ken Hyland & Feng (Kevin) Jiang},
  journal      = {Written Communication},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/07410883251410160},
}

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.