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Cassatts in the Attic: Is There a Gender Gap in the Commercialization of Science

Marlène Koffi & Matt Marx

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics2026https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20230325article
AJG 4ABDC A*
Weight
0.50

Abstract

We analyze nearly 70 million scientific articles to estimate the gender dynamics in the commercialization of science. We report a gender gap of 14 percent, which does not appear to be explained either by the quality of the science or by its commercial potential. The gap is widest among papers with female last authors (i.e., lab head or principal investigator), even when publishing high-quality science. However, the gap vanishes when authors self-commercialize discoveries via new ventures, and the gap is reduced when commercializing in cooperation with firms that are smaller or that have more female inventors. (JEL D22, I23, J16, O31, O34)

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20230325

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@article{marlène2026,
  title        = {{Cassatts in the Attic: Is There a Gender Gap in the Commercialization of Science}},
  author       = {Marlène Koffi & Matt Marx},
  journal      = {American Economic Journal: Applied Economics},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20230325},
}

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Cassatts in the Attic: Is There a Gender Gap in the Commercialization of Science

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.