This article explores the evolving role of the Korean judiciary in applying ratified International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions under domestic law. Following the ratification of Conventions No. 87, 98, and 29 in February 2021, they have been legally binding in Korea since April 2022. However, significant challenges persist in integrating these international standards into Korean labour relations. The article emphasizes the critical function of the domestic courts in interpreting and applying the Conventions to individual labour disputes in the context of Korean labour relations and laws. Given the initial reluctance and inconsistent approaches by the government, the judiciary’s commitment to international labour standards is essential for their effective implementation. This article underscores the necessity for the courts to respect international interpretations while addressing domestic specificities, while aiming to transform international labour standards from symbolic gestures into actionable norms in Korea.