Despite Althusser, for Poulantzas: Lukácsian dimensions of Poulantzas’ late structuralism

Abstract

The uncompromising nature of the humanist and structuralist currents within Marxism left its thought at an impasse, most evident in debates on the structure–agency problem. This deadlock weakened its credibility as a framework for addressing the post-1980s realities, allowing its foundational principles to be revised by some authors. I suggest, however, this impasse should be addressed within Marxist premises, an attempt vaguely initiated by Poulantzas. Contrary to much of the literature, I interpret this as Poulantzas’ sustained commitment to structuralism in State, Power, Socialism , complemented by a touch of implicit humanism. My argument unfolds by first outlining the two traditions; second, presenting the impasse; third, examining Poulantzas’ epistemological commitments across his oeuvre; and fourth, highlighting his vague rapprochement with Lukács. I conclude that an account enriched by both traditions not only ‘rescues’ Marxism from its impasse but also reinvigorates it as a framework for better explaining contemporary social realities.