This paper illustrates possibilities and pitfalls of two different approaches to causal analysis, the Rubin causal framework (RCF) and spatial econometrics, namely the spatial Durbin model (SDM). The two are directly opposing, for unlike the RCF, spatial interaction is embodied within the SDM. The main innovatory aspects are an attempt to reconcile RCF and SDM via ATIVE, meaning the average treatment instrumental variable effect, which parallels the average treatment effect (ATE) based on regression adjustment (RA). Additionally the paper illustrates the efficacy of using synthetic instrumental variables, providing estimates of the impact of London’s Green Belt on house prices.