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The BPM Goal Hexagon: an update to the Devil’s Quadrangle

Peter A. François et al.

Management Review Quarterly2026https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-026-00586-0article
AJG 1ABDC B
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

Business process management has traditionally focused on time, cost, quality, and flexibility as goal dimensions, known as the Devil’s Quadrangle. In light of novel emerging factors such as employee values, environmental, social, and governance requirements, as well as conscious business models, this paper investigates whether the traditional four goal dimensions of the Devil’s Quadrangle remain suitable today. Based on an extensive analysis of recent business process redesign projects published in case studies, we offer a timely assessment of the adequacy of the Devil’s Quadrangle in current times and suggest extensions to the concept, incorporating insights from a secondary study on robotic process automation. More specifically, we extend the Devil’s Quadrangle to the BPM Goal Hexagon by retaining time, quality, and flexibility, but refocusing cost to a more balanced economics dimension and adding a people dimension as well as an environment dimension. The BPM Goal Hexagon offers scholars and practitioners a timely tool to revisit the real-world relevance and sufficiency of their business process management project goals, methods, and tools.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-026-00586-0

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@article{peter2026,
  title        = {{The BPM Goal Hexagon: an update to the Devil’s Quadrangle}},
  author       = {Peter A. François et al.},
  journal      = {Management Review Quarterly},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-026-00586-0},
}

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The BPM Goal Hexagon: an update to the Devil’s Quadrangle

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.