arbiter
JournalsPricingAccount

Emergence of Free-Range Consumers: Literature-Based Concept, Definition, and Measure Development

Gregory S. Black & Mick Jackowski

Journal of Applied Business and Economics2026https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v28i1.8104article
ABDC C
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

Analyzing the origins of the concept in agriculture and parenting practices, free-range consumption is defined and conceptualized as a multiple-factor variable. Then, following suggestions and practices in the academic literature, measures developed to assess related component constructs, rather than starting from scratch, are compiled to produce scale items similar to those already developed and validated. The resulting measurement development described in this research confirms free-range consumption to be multi-dimensional. Using a sample of 258 consumers and accepted scale development procedures, a 19-item scale to measure four distinct dimensions of free-range consumers is developed.

Open paper page →

Cite this paper

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v28i1.8104

Or copy a formatted citation

@article{gregory2026,
  title        = {{Emergence of Free-Range Consumers: Literature-Based Concept, Definition, and Measure Development}},
  author       = {Gregory S. Black & Mick Jackowski},
  journal      = {Journal of Applied Business and Economics},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v28i1.8104},
}

Paste directly into BibTeX, Zotero, or your reference manager.

Flag this paper

Emergence of Free-Range Consumers: Literature-Based Concept, Definition, and Measure Development

Flags are reviewed by the Arbiter methodology team within 5 business days.

Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.