We provide a novel perspective on changes in global long-term interest rates using a dynamic term structure model of Canadian nominal and real yields with adjustments for term, liquidity, and inflation risk premiums. For the period from 1996 to 2021, we find that the steady-state or equilibrium short-term real interest rate fell by more than 4 percentage points, long-term inflation expectations edged down modestly, and real bond and inflation risk premiums varied with little longer-run trend. In contrast, our yield decomposition attributes the post-pandemic rise in interest rates largely to a sharp reversal and increase in the equilibrium real rate.