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The Contributions of Student-Level and Classroom-Level Factors for Australian Grade 2 Students’ Writing Performance

Anabela Malpique et al.

Written Communication2025https://doi.org/10.1177/07410883251346405article
ABDC B
Weight
0.37

What the paper says

Using multilevel modeling, the current study examined student-level predictors of compositional quality and productivity in Grade 2 Australian children ( N = 544), including handwriting automaticity, literacy skills, executive functioning, writing attitudes, and gender; and classroom-level ( n = 47) variables predicting students’ writing outcomes, including the amount of time for writing practices and the explicit teaching of foundational (handwriting, spelling, grammar) and process writing skills (planning and revision strategies). Multilevel analyses revealed that student-level factors, including gender, general attitudes, and transcription skills (handwriting automaticity and spelling), were key predictors of writing outcomes. Interaction analyses showed that spelling and word reading influenced writing outcomes, with effects varying by gender. At the classroom-level, time spent on planning had a positive effect on students’ compositional quality, and time spent on spelling instruction had a negative effect on students’ compositional productivity. Implications for research and education are discussed.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/07410883251346405

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@article{anabela2025,
  title        = {{The Contributions of Student-Level and Classroom-Level Factors for Australian Grade 2 Students’ Writing Performance}},
  author       = {Anabela Malpique et al.},
  journal      = {Written Communication},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/07410883251346405},
}

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The Contributions of Student-Level and Classroom-Level Factors for Australian Grade 2 Students’ Writing Performance

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Evidence weight

0.37

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.16 × 0.4 = 0.06
M · momentum0.53 × 0.15 = 0.08
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.