Time the Surge: Theorizing and Examining Team Pacing in Multiple-Membership Contexts

Chen Zhang et al.

Academy of Management Journal2026https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2024.0522article
FT50UTD24AJG 4*ABDC A*
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Abstract

Pacing has long been critical for understanding team work patterns. As organizations increasingly embrace multiple memberships, with workers engaged in different concurrent projects, it becomes important to understand how team pacing is uniquely shaped in such contexts. Extending beyond prior theories with single-membership assumptions, we theorize a new perspective on how team pacing is influenced by multiple memberships—contexts typically characterized by non-coinciding project portfolios across members. Based on this theorizing, we examined a large-scale dataset comprising over 1.6 million entries of project activities involving 1,712 individuals across 415 team projects, and found that higher average multiple memberships among core members delayed the timing of a project’s activity surge. This surge-delaying effect was mitigated, however, when project members shared greater external project overlap. An additional experiment revealed that the reduced perceived feasibility of holistic optimization was an important psychological mechanism underlying the surge-delaying effect. Furthermore, we found that projects with longer time spans were less likely to experience a surge, but for those that did, surge timing had implications for efficiency: projects with either a markedly early surge (i.e., initial phase) or a markedly late surge (i.e., final phase) exhibited greater temporal procedural efficiency than those with an intermediate-phase surge.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2024.0522

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@article{chen2026,
  title        = {{Time the Surge: Theorizing and Examining Team Pacing in Multiple-Membership Contexts}},
  author       = {Chen Zhang et al.},
  journal      = {Academy of Management Journal},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2024.0522},
}

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