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Antitrust Enforcement in Labor Markets

Elena Prager

Journal of Economic Perspectives2026https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.20241446article
AJG 4ABDC A*
Weight
0.50

Abstract

Until recently, antitrust laws were rarely enforced in labor markets. Although the existence of labor market power has long been recognized, evidence only recently emerged that such market power regularly arises from sources that are actionable under antitrust law. Since 2010, antitrust agencies have substantially increased labor market enforcement actions. However, many questions relevant to enforcement remain unanswered, such as how to conduct market definition for labor markets and how best to incorporate concentration into models of the labor market. This article reviews how antitrust is beginning to be used in labor markets, the evidence for and against its use, and the remaining evidence gaps standing in the way of more effective use.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.20241446

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@article{elena2026,
  title        = {{Antitrust Enforcement in Labor Markets}},
  author       = {Elena Prager},
  journal      = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.20241446},
}

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Antitrust Enforcement in Labor Markets

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.