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Modelling the Asymmetric Impact of Terrorism andMilitary Expenditure on Tourism Development

Soumen Rej et al.

Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal2025https://doi.org/10.37741/t.73.1.2article
AJG 1ABDC B
Weight
0.41

What the paper says

This study evaluates the asymmetric effects of terrorist attacks and military spending on India's tourism sector by considering gross capital formation and foreign direct investment inflows in the tourism function as controlled variables. Considering the period 1980 to 2017, we employed a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model and frequency domain causality. This study found that a 1% positive (negative) shock in the partial sum of the terrorist incidents would decrease (increase) the tourist arrivals by 0.17% (0.19%), respectively. However, a positive shock in the partial sum of military spending would enhance tourist arrivals, while a negative shock would lower them both in the short and long run. In addition, gross capital formation and foreign direct investment inflows favourably influence India's tourism development in the long run. The findings from frequency domain casualty also resonate with this study's short-run and long-run findings.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37741/t.73.1.2

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@article{soumen2025,
  title        = {{Modelling the Asymmetric Impact of Terrorism andMilitary Expenditure on Tourism Development}},
  author       = {Soumen Rej et al.},
  journal      = {Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37741/t.73.1.2},
}

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Modelling the Asymmetric Impact of Terrorism andMilitary Expenditure on Tourism Development

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Evidence weight

0.41

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.25 × 0.4 = 0.10
M · momentum0.55 × 0.15 = 0.08
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.