An information behaviour transition model for the self-disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus: a qualitative study

Abstract

Purpose This study examines the self-disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), framing self-disclosure as an information-behaviour transition. It clarifies why self-disclosure is undertaken, when it is triggered along the illness journey, and how it relates to personalised health management and psychosocial support. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 23 PLWHA. Data were analysed using grounded theory procedures, and the Gioia methodology was applied to construct a data structure and aggregate dimensions that describe the dynamics of disclosure. Findings The study reveals that the self-disclosure behaviour of HIV-positive serostatus by PLWHA can be segmented into six distinct stages: (I) Problem Perception, (II) Problem Coping, (III) Self-reflection, (IV) External Disclosure, (V) External Feedback and (VI) Self-adjustment. The first two stages (I and II) form the Understanding Phase, while stages (III and IV) represent the Negotiation Phase, and stages (V and VI) comprise the Resolving Phase. Originality/value This research contributes to the understanding of the multi-stage evolution and decision-making complexity involved in the self-disclosure behaviour of HIV-positive serostatus by PLWHA. It offers a theoretical foundation for developing targeted support and intervention strategies to address the self-disclosure behaviours of PLWHA and enhance psychological and social well-being.