Cut the crap: a critical response to “ChatGPT is bullshit”

David J. Gunkel & Simon Coghlan

Ethics and Information Technology2025https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09828-3article
AJG 1ABDC B
Weight
0.56

Abstract

In a recent thought-provoking essay called “ChatGPT is Bullshit,” Hicks, Humphries and Slater call such large language models (LLMs) “bullshitters” and “bullshit machines.” Unlike the term “bullshit,” they argue, commonly used anthropomorphic terms such as “hallucination” and “confabulation” mispresent LLMs and sow confusion that could be socially harmful. This paper criticizes their essay in two steps. First, its reliance on Harry Frankfurt’s classic characterization of bullshit as indifference to truth, though understandable and compelling in one sense, risks misrepresenting LLMs. Second, the argument is too quick to jettison anthropomorphic terms like hallucination and confabulation, which might prove useful metaphors for understanding generative AI. Exploring language to articulate good ways of understanding LLMs is indeed a socially important task, one benefitting from critical open-mindedness, some historical awareness, and a nuanced approach to how various words used to describe AI can operate. This paper attempts to contribute to this task by questioning the wisdom of categorically calling bullshit on ChatGPT.

10 citations

Open via your library →

Cite this paper

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09828-3

Or copy a formatted citation

@article{david2025,
  title        = {{Cut the crap: a critical response to “ChatGPT is bullshit”}},
  author       = {David J. Gunkel & Simon Coghlan},
  journal      = {Ethics and Information Technology},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-025-09828-3},
}

Paste directly into BibTeX, Zotero, or your reference manager.

Flag this paper

Cut the crap: a critical response to “ChatGPT is bullshit”

Flags are reviewed by the Arbiter methodology team within 5 business days.


Evidence weight

0.56

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.55 × 0.4 = 0.22
M · momentum0.75 × 0.15 = 0.11
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.