This paper analyzes the impact of Climate Change Transition Risk (CCTR) on the profitability of banks in South Korea. Employing quarterly panel data from banks from 2008 to 2020, we apply a fixed-effects model to examine the relationship between CCTR and Return on Assets (ROA). Empirical results show that CCTR has a negative effect on ROA, while the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) positively affects bank profitability. The interaction between loan size and CCPI indicates that greater credit exposure mitigates the positive effect of CCPI on ROA. However, policy changes associated with the Paris Agreement do not show a measurable impact on banks’ short-term performance.