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Artificial intelligence and autonomy at work: empirical insights from Germany

Oliver Giering & Stefan Kirchner

Journal for Labour Market Research2025https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-025-00401-5article
AJG 1
Weight
0.41

What the paper says

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a prominent topic regarding the digitalisation of work and its diffusion is expected to radically change job quality. Overall, there exists a large discrepancy between discursive expectations and quantitative empirical evidence. In this article, we use a novel module from the German Socio-Economic Panel to examine the overall prevalence of AI at work, the determinants that increase the likelihood of AI use, and its association with autonomy. The results show that 38% of German workers use AI, and AI use is associated with the use of specific digital technologies. Workers in high-level, non-routine occupations are more likely to use AI, particularly in comparison to manual workers. Moreover, the association between AI and autonomy is merely superficial and cannot be properly evaluated without considering workplace preconditions.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-025-00401-5

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@article{oliver2025,
  title        = {{Artificial intelligence and autonomy at work: empirical insights from Germany}},
  author       = {Oliver Giering & Stefan Kirchner},
  journal      = {Journal for Labour Market Research},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-025-00401-5},
}

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Evidence weight

0.41

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.25 × 0.4 = 0.10
M · momentum0.55 × 0.15 = 0.08
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.