Investigating the moderating effects of momentary leisure activities in the stress-buffering model: Insights from an ecological momentary assessment study
This study examined the momentary buffering effects of leisure activities on the relationship between perceived stress and positive affect (PA) valence in daily life. Using ecological momentary assessment, 132 Taiwanese adults completed smartphone surveys three times daily for seven days. Multilevel modeling revealed that momentary perceived stress was negatively associated with PA valence, while momentary leisure participation was positively associated with it. Crucially, engaging in leisure activities significantly buffered the negative stress–PA valence association. Furthermore, leisure-generated social support moderated this link; the adverse effect of stress on PA valence diminished significantly during leisure episodes providing high social support. Leisure-generated self-determination did not show a significant moderating effect. These findings provide nuanced evidence demonstrating that momentary leisure participation, particularly when socially supportive, protects PA valence from the immediate negative impacts of stress in everyday life.