Dynamic Access Control Strategy for Emergency Scenarios in the Internet of Vehicles Based on Inner Product Functional Encryption

What the paper says

A dynamic priority access control scheme based on inner product functional encryption (DPAC-IPFE) is proposed to address the dual challenges of inefficient dynamic resource access control and inadequate security in emergency scenarios, such as accident handling in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Function encoding techniques are integrated into the scheme to encode access policies and vehicle attributes into randomized ciphertext matrices, thereby enabling efficient policy verification and the dual concealment of attributes and policies, thus enhancing the protection of sensitive information. A preemptive access control algorithm is also designed, in which the inner product between the vehicle attribute vector and the access policy vector is employed as the priority evaluation criterion, thereby enabling dynamic emergency resource allocation and improving scheduling flexibility. Moreover, outsourced decryption is supported, which significantly reduces the computational overhead on the user end. From a security perspective, it is formally proven that the ciphertext generated by the proposed scheme achieves adaptive indistinguishability under chosen-key attacks, thereby preventing adversaries from obtaining any information about access policies or attribute sets. Finally, a comparative evaluation is conducted using the Charm cryptographic library to assess the proposed scheme against related works in terms of functional features and computational overhead. The results indicate that the proposed scheme achieves superior computational efficiency during the encryption, key generation, and decryption phases, while also demonstrating lower storage overhead. The research findings provide an efficient solution for emergency resource scheduling in the Internet of Vehicles, simultaneously supporting fine-grained control, dynamic priority adjustment, and privacy preservation.