arbiter
JournalsPricingAccount

Out-of-pocket expenditure in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury: a two center cohort study, a preliminary report

Harshit Arora et al.

Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation2026https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-026-00716-1article
ABDC C
Weight
0.50

What the paper says

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) account for 30–40% of global injury mortality. In India, high out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE; 58.7% of total health costs) exacerbates catastrophic health expenditures (CHE). This study estimates OOPE, along with the risk of CHE and distress financing, in patients with isolated TBI. We conducted a prospective cohort study across two centers, enrolling patients with isolated TBI over one month. Direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect (wage loss) costs were recorded using medical diaries. 3 months post discharge rehabilitation expenses were recorded. Eighteen participants (mean age: 43 years, eleven males) were included; four had health insurance, and seven were primary earners. The mean OOPE was INR 88,485 comprising INR 58,319 in direct and INR 30,166 in indirect costs. CHE was observed in fifteen participants and distress financing in eleven participants. Despite subsidized care, the substantial OOPE for isolated TBI underscores the financial burden, and the imperative for equitable, sustainable healthcare policies.

Open paper page →

Cite this paper

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-026-00716-1

Or copy a formatted citation

@article{harshit2026,
  title        = {{Out-of-pocket expenditure in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury: a two center cohort study, a preliminary report}},
  author       = {Harshit Arora et al.},
  journal      = {Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-026-00716-1},
}

Paste directly into BibTeX, Zotero, or your reference manager.

Flag this paper

Out-of-pocket expenditure in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury: a two center cohort study, a preliminary report

Flags are reviewed by the Arbiter methodology team within 5 business days.

Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.