EXPRESS: Less is More (Natural): The Effect of Ingredient Quantity Framing on Consumer Preferences

Abstract

Despite the ubiquity of ingredient quantity information in the marketplace, prior literature has yet to examine whether ingredient quantity shapes consumer choice. We present and test a novel framework that charts when, why, and how this pervasive ingredient quantity information influences consumers’ food decisions. Across two preregistered pilot studies, seven preregistered experiments, and ten supplementary experiments in the Web Appendix—we find that consumers are often more interested in food products framed as containing few (vs. many) ingredients, even when the same ingredient list is displayed across products. This preference stems from the perception that fewer ingredients indicate less processing, especially when the processing history of a product is not available. As a result, a product with fewer ingredients is perceived as more natural and is thus preferred. We also show, though consumers commonly pursue the goal to consume natural products, when other consumption goals (e.g., the goal to seek indulgent or unique products) rise in importance, a product framed as containing more ingredients can become more preferred. This research uncovers how ingredient quantity information biases consumers’ perceptions and daily food product decisions, and it provides easily implementable guidance for marketers seeking to increase consumers’ likelihood of purchasing their products.