Diet and lifestyle behaviours in relation to academic performance among university students: a cross-sectional study

What the paper says

Purpose This study examines the associations between dietary patterns and lifestyle factors and academic performance measured by grade point average (GPA). This study aims to examine the interrelationships between diet, physical activity, sleep and stress in the context of a university environment. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a single university. An online questionnaire was distributed to 278 students; after excluding incomplete surveys, 260 valid responses were analysed. The study provides contextual insights into the factors influencing productivity and academic performance among students at this university. Findings Routine-level behaviours – regular breakfast, earlier breakfast time, lower fast-food frequency – together with higher classroom alertness and lower perceived stress were associated with higher GPA; sugary drinks and physical activity were not significant in multivariable models. Research limitations/implications This study relies on self-reported data and is limited by its cross-sectional design. Future research should consider longitudinal studies to examine long-term effects and incorporate psychological and social factors. Practical implications Universities can implement low-cost, “no-regrets” actions that support routines linked to higher GPA. Prioritise quick, regular breakfasts (early opening hours, grab-and-go options, vouchers) and nudge away from fast food through healthy swaps and choice architecture. Offer micro-skills for sleep hygiene and daytime alertness (light exposure, consistent wake windows), paired with brief stress-management options (breathing drills, peer support, counselling signposts). Frame programmes through ASE levers: attitudes (why routines matter), social influence (peer norms/challenges) and self-efficacy (5-min breakfasts, planning prompts). Track equity by cost and access across subgroups, and evaluate with simple dashboards (uptake, satisfaction, routine adherence) and GPA/course-progress indicators over time. Originality/value This research provides original insights into the combined associations of diet, lifestyle behaviours and perceived stress with student academic performance in a cross-sectional, single-institution survey. The findings support pragmatic, low-risk enhancements to university wellness programmes (e.g. access to quick morning meals, nudges away from fast food, brief sleep/alertness and stress-management supports) while warranting cautious interpretation given self-report, cross-sectional design and modest model fit and underscoring the need for multi-site evaluation.