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Synthetic Controls with Multiple Outcomes

Wei Tian et al.

Econometrics Journal2026https://doi.org/10.1093/ectj/utag005article
AJG 3ABDC A*
Weight
0.50

Abstract

We generalize the synthetic control (SC) method to a multiple-outcome framework, where the conventional pre-treatment time dimension is supplemented with the extra dimension of related outcomes in computing the SC weights. This generalization reduces the risk of overfitting and improves the reliability of the SC method, particularly when the number of pre-treatment periods is small. To illustrate our method, we provide a new perspective on the classic SC application to the 1990 German reunification.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ectj/utag005

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@article{wei2026,
  title        = {{Synthetic Controls with Multiple Outcomes}},
  author       = {Wei Tian et al.},
  journal      = {Econometrics Journal},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ectj/utag005},
}

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Synthetic Controls with Multiple Outcomes

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.