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Labor market power in Spain

José Azar & Javier Sanz-Espín

SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association2025https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-025-00307-yarticle
AJG 1ABDC B
Weight
0.37

What the paper says

Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of labor market power in Spain, focusing on the period from 1997 to 2021. Using detailed firm-level data from the Central de Balances Integrada (CBI) of the Bank of Spain, we estimate markdowns—a direct measure of labor market power—across various sectors, firm sizes, and regions. Our findings show that there was a notable decline in markdowns following the 2008 financial crisis. However, this trend has partially reversed in recent years, suggesting a resurgence of labor market power, particularly among larger firms. We find that firms with a higher proportion of temporary workers or female workers tend to have higher markdowns.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-025-00307-y

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@article{josé2025,
  title        = {{Labor market power in Spain}},
  author       = {José Azar & Javier Sanz-Espín},
  journal      = {SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association},
  year         = {2025},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-025-00307-y},
}

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Labor market power in Spain

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Evidence weight

0.37

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.16 × 0.4 = 0.06
M · momentum0.53 × 0.15 = 0.08
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.