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The Union Wage Mark‐Up for Immigrants in the United States

Laszlo Goerke & Cinzia Rienzo

Industrial Relations: a journal of economy and society2026https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.70022article
AJG 4ABDC A*
Weight
0.50

Abstract

Using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) for 1995–2023, we show that unionized immigrants earn 10.1 log points less than unionized natives, of which 4.8 log points are due to a lower union wage mark‐up. Therefore, unionization is beneficial for immigrants but to a lesser extent than for natives in the United States. The difference in the union wage mark‐up between natives and immigrants is most pronounced for males and low‐skilled blue‐collar workers.

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https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.70022

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@article{laszlo2026,
  title        = {{The Union Wage Mark‐Up for Immigrants in the United States}},
  author       = {Laszlo Goerke & Cinzia Rienzo},
  journal      = {Industrial Relations: a journal of economy and society},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.70022},
}

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The Union Wage Mark‐Up for Immigrants in the United States

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Evidence weight

0.50

Balanced mode · F 0.40 / M 0.15 / V 0.05 / R 0.40

F · citation impact0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20
M · momentum0.50 × 0.15 = 0.07
V · venue signal0.50 × 0.05 = 0.03
R · text relevance †0.50 × 0.4 = 0.20

† Text relevance is estimated at 0.50 on the detail page — for your query’s actual relevance score, open this paper from a search result.